Contents
Preface ............................................................................. xi
Who This Book Is For....................................................................... xii
What You Need to Know ................................................................... . xiii
Contents of This Book..................................................................... . xiii
On Buying Parts .......................................................................... . xiv
Using Code Examples ...................................................................... xv
Using Circuit Examples ..................................................................... xv
Note on the Second Edition ................................................................ . xvi
Note on the Third Edition .................................................................. xvii
Acknowledgments ....................................................................... . xviii
Chapter 1: The Tools ................................................................. .1
It Starts with the Stuff You Touch ............................................................. 2
It’s About Pulses ............................................................................ 2
Computers of All Shapes and Sizes ........................................................... 3
Good Habits................................................................................ 4
Tools ...................................................................................... 5
Using an Oscilloscope ...................................................................... 42
It Ends with the Stuff You Touch ............................................................. 43
Chapter 2: The Simplest Network..................................................... 45
Supplies for Chapter 2 ..................................................................... 46
Layers of Agreement ....................................................................... 48
Making the Connection: The Lower Layers................................................... . 50
Project 1: Type Brighter .................................................................. 54
Project 2: Monski Pong................................................................... 58
Flow Control............................................................................... 72
Project 3: Wireless Monski Pong .......................................................... 74
Project 4: Making Your Own Arduino-Compatible Board ..................................... 78
Conclusion ................................................................................ 84
Chapter 3: A More Complex Network .................................................. 87
Supplies for Chapter 3 ..................................................................... 88
Network Maps and Addresses............................................................... 89
Clients, Servers, and Message Protocols .................................................... . 96
Project 5: Networked Cat................................................................ 107
Conclusion ............................................................................... 132
Chapter 4: Look, Ma, No Computer! Microcontrollers on the Internet..................... 135
Supplies for Chapter 4 .................................................................... 136
Introducing Network Modules .............................................................. 137
Project 6: Hello Internet! ................................................................ 139
An Embedded Network Client Application ................................................... 147
Project 7: Networked Air-Quality Meter ................................................... 147
Data Formats............................................................................. 157
Representational State Transfer and Web APIs ............................................... 160
Programming and Troubleshooting Tools for Embedded Modules .............................. 164
Conclusion ............................................................................... .171
Chapter 5: Communicating in (Near) Real Time........................................ .173
Supplies for Chapter 5 .................................................................... 174
Interactive Systems and Feedback Loops ................................................... 175
Transmission Control Protocol: Sockets & Sessions .......................................... 176
Project 8: A Video Control Application .................................................... 177
The Controller Client ...................................................................... 179
Project 9: A WebSocket Video Controller .................................................. 191
The Server and Browser Client ............................................................. 193
The WebSocket Controller Client ........................................................... 199
Conclusion .............................................................................. .202
Chapter 6: Wireless Communication ................................................. 205
Supplies for Chapter 6 ................................................................... .206
Why Isn’t Everything Wireless? ............................................................ .208
Two Flavors of Wireless: Infrared and Radio................................................. .209
Project 10: Infrared Control of a Digital Camera............................................ 211
How Radio Works ......................................................................... 214
Radio Networks........................................................................... 217
Buying Radios ............................................................................ 219
Project 11: Duplex Radio Transmission .................................................... 221
Project 12: Bluetooth LE Camera Control................................................. .228
Conclusion .............................................................................. .240
Chapter 7: Sessionless Networks and Binary Protocols ................................. 243
Supplies for Chapter 7.................................................................... .244
Sessions vs. Messages ................................................................... .246
Broadcast vs. Direct Messages ............................................................. 247
Project 13: Networked Candles........................................................... 251
XBee: Another Message-Based Protocol ................................................... .262
Project 14: Reporting Toxic Chemicals in the Shop ........................................ .266
Conclusion .............................................................................. .280
Chapter 8: How to Locate (Almost) Anything.......................................... 283
Supplies for Chapter 8 ................................................................... .284
Network Location and Physical Location ................................................... .286
Determining Distance .................................................................... .289
Project 15: Infrared Distance Ranger..................................................... .290
Project 16: Ultrasonic Distance Ranger................................................... . 292
Project 17: Reading Received Signal Strength............................................. .295
Determining Position Through Trilateration ................................................. .299
Project 18: Geolocation Services and the NMEA Protocol .................................. .300
Determining Orientation and Attitude ...................................................... . 307
Project 19: Determining Heading Using a Digital Compass ................................. .309
Project 20: Determining Attitude ......................................................... 312
Conclusion ............................................................................... 321
Chapter 9: Identification ........................................................... 323
Supplies for Chapter 9 ................................................................... . 324
Physical Identification .................................................................... .326
Project 21: Color Recognition Using a Webcam ........................................... .328
Project 22: Face Detection Using a Webcam .............................................. . 332
Project 23: 2D Barcode Recognition Using a Webcam ..................................... . 335
Project 24: Reading RFID Tags .......................................................... .340
Project 25: Reading and Writing NDEF Messages ......................................... .343
Project 26: NFC Meets Home Automation................................................ .345
Security of Networked Devices ............................................................ .354
Project 27: Two-Factor Authentication Using NFC ......................................... . 355
Network Identification.................................................................... .369
Project 28: IP Geocoding ................................................................ 371
Conclusion ............................................................................... 374
Chapter 10: Mobile Phone Networks and the Physical World............................. 377
Supplies for Chapter 10 ................................................................... 378
One Big Network......................................................................... .380
Project 29: CatCam Redux ............................................................. .383
Project 30: Phoning the Thermostat..................................................... .402
Text-Messaging Interfaces ................................................................ .408
Microcontrollers on Mobile Phone Networks................................................. 411
Native Applications for Mobile Phones ...................................................... 417
Project 31: Personal Mobile Datalogger .................................................. .423
Conclusion .............................................................................. .439
Appendix: Where to Get Stuff ....................................................... 441
Hardware ............................................................................... .445
Software ................................................................................ .448